Scope 1 Abatement · Safeguard Mechanism · CI Engine Fleets

PD100™ as a Scope 1 abatement pathway for mining operations.

The regulatory context, fuel economics, trial process, and carbon accounting relevant to mining operators evaluating PD100™ as a Safeguard Mechanism compliance option.

Trial Process The Numbers
4.9%
Annual baseline reduction rate
215+
Facilities covered
100,000 t
CO₂-e/yr threshold
~$35/t
ACCU spot price (indicative)
Near zero
PD100™ lifecycle carbon
~Diesel
Target commercial price

Already growing on coal mine waste. Without irrigation.

These photographs show 10-year-old Pongamia trees growing on non-irrigated Queensland coal mine waste stockpiles — actively producing seed pods and fixing soil nitrogen. No supplementary water. No fertiliser.

10-year-old Pongamia trees growing on non-irrigated Queensland coal mine waste area
10-year-old Pongamia, Queensland — growing on coal mine waste land without irrigation. Trees are producing seed pods and actively restoring soil through nitrogen fixation.
Mature Pongamia plantation — the scale GBA targets on former mine land
Mature Pongamia plantation — the commercial-scale model. Mine rehabilitation transitions degraded land directly into productive fuel-producing tree crops, generating ACCUs alongside fuel revenue.
10 yrs
Growth documented on mine waste — no irrigation
Active
Seed production confirmed on rehabilitated stockpile sites
N-fixing
Root system restoring soil nitrogen

How the available options compare for Australian mining operations.

What the Safeguard Mechanism means for diesel-dependent operations.

Facilities covered by the Safeguard Mechanism must hold net greenhouse gas emissions at or below a facility baseline declining at 4.9% per year. For large open-cut mining operations, diesel combustion in haul fleets is typically the single largest source of Scope 1 emissions.

The scale of the problem

A fleet of 40 large haul trucks operating 24/7 can consume 50–80 million litres of diesel annually. At 2.65 kg CO₂/L, that represents 130,000–210,000 tonnes of direct Scope 1 emissions from fuel alone. Operations that exceed their baseline must surrender ACCUs or Safeguard Mechanism Credits to cover the shortfall — at market prices around $35/tonne.

Why timing matters: Pongamia plantation development takes 4–7 years from planting to full fuel yield. Operations that begin supply chain discussions now are positioned to have fuel available when baseline pressure peaks in 2027–2030.

How GBA works with mining operations — from assessment to supply.

A structured four-step programme designed to minimise operational disruption and generate independent performance data at each stage before scaling.

Fuel switching and sequestration credits — from the same supply chain.

No other fuel pathway currently available in Australia combines direct Scope 1 reduction with sequestration ACCU generation from the same asset.

Fuel Switching

Substituting PD100™ for mineral diesel removes fossil CO₂ from your NGER Scope 1 fossil total. Biogenic CO₂ reported separately — does not contribute to your Safeguard baseline. Every litre of PD100™ burned displaces approximately 2.65 kg of fossil Scope 1 CO₂.

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Sequestration Credits

The Pongamia plantation supplying PD100™ simultaneously draws atmospheric CO₂ into biomass and generates ACCU sequestration credits. These can be surrendered against Safeguard obligations, sold on the secondary market, or retained for voluntary net zero positions.

One counterparty. One supply chain.

Both the fuel abatement and the sequestration credits come from the same GBA supply relationship — simplifying procurement, compliance documentation, and NGER reporting.

Questions from fleet engineers and sustainability teams.

No. PD100™ is designed for use in existing compression ignition engines. CRDI engines require a pre-heating system — a fuel line heat exchanger raising PD100™ to 70–80°C before the injection pump. IDI engines can run PD100™ without pre-heating. No engine replacement is required.
A heat exchanger fitted to the fuel return or cooling circuit, raising PD100™ to 70–80°C before the injection pump. At this temperature, kinematic viscosity drops to approximately 8–12 cSt — approaching diesel levels. Commercial pre-heater kits exist for several common haul truck platforms. GBA supports pre-heater scoping and installation as part of the trial setup process.
Biogenic CO₂ from PD100™ combustion is reported separately from fossil Scope 1 emissions under NGER and does not contribute to your Safeguard baseline. GBA provides fuel origin documentation and supply chain traceability records consistent with NGER reporting requirements with every commercial supply consignment.
PD100™ has a lower heating value (~37 MJ/kg vs. diesel's ~43 MJ/kg — approximately 14% lower per unit mass). In practice this means approximately 5–10% higher fuel consumption by volume per operating hour at equivalent load. At the target price comparable to mineral diesel, the economic impact of this higher consumption is the primary cost consideration rather than a price premium.
Trial volumes are available now. Commercial-scale supply at mining-relevant volumes is tied to plantation development timelines — full seed yields begin at Year 7–10 after planting. Operations beginning discussions in 2026 are positioned to have meaningful fuel volumes available as Safeguard baseline pressure peaks in 2027–2030.

Run the numbers for your operation.

Bring your annual fuel consumption data and current Safeguard baseline. We'll provide a site-specific carbon and cost model — no obligation.

Common Questions from Mining Operators

How can Australian mining companies achieve net-zero fuel consumption?

Australian mining companies can achieve net-zero fuel consumption by transitioning from imported fossil diesel to PD100™, a 100% pure plant oil fuel. Because it is grown domestically from Pongamia trees and processed without fossil inputs, it provides a verified carbon-neutral alternative for heavy machinery and remote operations.

Can pure plant oil fuel be used in existing heavy mining equipment?

Yes, PD100™ is designed to be compatible with standard diesel engines used in heavy mining equipment. It aligns with the DIN 51605 fuel quality standard, allowing operators to decarbonize their existing fleet immediately without the massive capital expenditure required for new electric or hydrogen machinery.